Penyebab Inflasi Nilai (Grade Inflation) di Perguruan Tinggi

Authors

  • Brigitha Prizelia Nanga Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.64924/yqe64v56

Keywords:

Inflasi Nilai, Grade Inflation, Pendidikan Tinggi

Abstract

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menjelaskan penyebab inflasi nilai di perguruan tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyebab potensial inflasi nilai dapat dilihat dari tiga aspek yaitu perguruan tinggi, tenaga pendidik dan jenjang pendidikan sebelum pendidikan tinggi. Pada level perguruan tinggi, faktor pendorong inflasi nilai mencakup a) peningkatan persaingan dan b) marketisasi pendidikan tinggi. Pada level tenaga pendidik, rasionalitas dibalik keputusan untuk melakukan inflasi nilai terdiri dari a) kemurahan hati, b) keamanan pekerjaan, keuntungan finansial dan efisiensi waktu, serta c) rendahnya komitmen terhadap mutu pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa kemurahan hati pendidik dalam memberikan penilaian yang longgar belum tentu merupakan bentuk altruisme pedagogis, tetapi tindakan instrumental yang didasarkan pada kepentingan personal. Selain itu, kurangnya komitmen pengajar terhadap proses pendidikan bisa jadi hanyalah bentuk adaptasi terhadap lingkungan kerja yang tidak memberikan penghargaan yang memadai terhadap kualitas pengajaran. Sementara pada jenjang pendidikan sebelum pendidikan tinggi, praktik inflasi nilai di sekolah berkontribusi pada pembentukan standar kepuasan mahasiswa terhadap nilai yang kemudian dapat mempengaruhi penilaian tenaga pendidik di perguruan tinggi. Upaya pengendalian inflasi nilai di perguruan tinggi yang dapat dilakukan ke depan antara lain berorientasi pada kualitas pengajaran dan pembelajaran, penguatan pengawasan, peningkatan penghargaan terhadap tenaga pendidik berdasarkan kualitas mengajar dan berkoordinasi dengan jenjang pendidikan sebelumnya.

References

Amar, M., & Pratiwi, I. (2025). Ramai soal Inflasi IPK di Indonesia, Apa Penyebabnya? Https://Www.Kompas.Com/Tren/Read/2025/06/25/133000165/Ramai-Soal-Inflasi-Ipk-Di-Indonesia-Apa-Penyebabnya-?Page=all. https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2025/06/25/133000165/ramai-soal-inflasi-ipk-di-indonesia-apa-penyebabnya-?page=all

Arsyad Arrafii, M. (2020). Grades and Grade Inflation: exploring teachers’ grading practices in Indonesian EFL secondary school classrooms. Pedagogy, Culture and Society, 28(3), 477–499. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681366.2019.1663246

Baglione, S. L., Smith, Z., & Roach, O. (2025). Grade Inflation: graduate students’ perspective. Educational Research and Evaluation, 30(1–2), 115–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803611.2024.2422617

Birnbaum, R. (1977). Factors Related to University Grade Inflation. The Journal of Higher Education, 48(5), 519. https://doi.org/10.2307/1981595

Bunce, L. T., Rathbone, C., & King, N. (2023). Students as consumers. Advancing Student Engagement in Higher Education, 71–81. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003271789-7

Chowdhury, F. (2018). Grade Inflation: Causes, Consequences and Cure. Journal of Education and Learning, 7(6), p86. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v7n6p86

Cuthbert, R. (2010). Students as Customers?. Higher Education Review, 42(3), 3–25.

Ferrari, R. (2015). Writing narrative style literature reviews. Medical Writing, 24(4), 230–235. https://doi.org/10.1179/2047480615z.000000000329

Giray, L. (2024). Instructor-Driven Causes and Impacts of Grade Inflation in Philippine Higher Education. Indonesian Journal of Social Research (IJSR), 6(1), 55–67. https://doi.org/10.30997/ijsr.v6i1.383

Guilbault, M. (2016). Students as customers in higher education: reframing the debate. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 26(2), 132–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/08841241.2016.1245234

Hansen, K. J. M., & Newman, J. R. (2023). What Is Inflation? Clarifying and Justifying Rothbard’s Definition. Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics, 25(4), 147–170. https://doi.org/10.35297/qjae.010141

Hart, P. F., & Rodgers, W. (2024). Competition, competitiveness, and competitive advantage in higher education institutions: a systematic literature review. Studies in Higher Education, 49(11), 2153–2177. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2023.2293926

Heulett, S. T. (2013). Factors Related to the Likelihood of Grade Inflation at Community Colleges. ProQuest LLC.

Jephcote, C., Medland, E., & Lygo-Baker, S. (2021). Grade Inflation versus grade improvement: Are our students getting more intelligent? Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 46(4), 547–571. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2020.1795617

Kamber, R. (2008). Understanding Grade Inflation. In L. H. Hunt (Ed.), Grade Inflation: Academic standards in higher education. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.

Kolevzon, M. S. (1981). Grade Inflation in higher education: A comparative study. Research in Higher Education, 15(3), 195–212. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00976416

Krautmann, A. C., & Sander, W. (1999). Grades and student evaluations of teachers. Economics of Education Review, 18(1), 59–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-7757(98)00004-1

Maringe, F. (2015). Higher Education Market. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition, 850–861. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.92118-4

Oleinik, A. (2009). Does education corrupt? Theories of Grade Inflation. Educational Research Review, 4(2), 156–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2009.03.001

Popov, S. V., & Bernhardt, D. (2013). University competition, grading standards, and Grade Inflation. Economic Inquiry, 51(3), 1764–1778. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2012.00491.x

Radavoi, C. N., Quadrelli, C., & Collins, P. (2025). Moral Responsibility for Grade Inflation: Where Does It Lie? Journal of Academic Ethics 2025 23:4, 23(4), 1781–1798. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-025-09627-x

Riesman, D. (1975). The future of diversity in a time of retrenchment. Higher Education, 4(4), 461–482. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00154470

Rojstaczer, S., & Healy, C. (2012). Where a is ordinary: The evolution of american college and university grading, 1940-2009. Teachers College Record, 114(7). https://doi.org/10.1177/016146811211400707

Stroebe, W. (2020). Student Evaluations of Teaching Encourages Poor Teaching and Contributes to Grade Inflation: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 42(4), 276–294. https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2020.1756817

Todd Jewell, R., McPherson, M. A., & Tieslau, M. A. (2013). Whose fault is it? Assigning blame for Grade Inflation in higher education. Applied Economics, 45(9), 1185–1200. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.621884

Yeritsyan, A., Mjelde, J. W., & Litzenberg, K. K. (2022). Grade Inflation or Grade Increase. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 54(2), 375–393. https://doi.org/10.1017/aae.2022.15

Zhu, H., & Lou, S. (2011). Marketization of higher education. Development and Reform of Higher Education in China, 67–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-84334-639-5.50004-8.

Published

2026-01-30

How to Cite

Nanga , B. P. (2026). Penyebab Inflasi Nilai (Grade Inflation) di Perguruan Tinggi. ETIC (EDUCATION AND SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL), 3(2), 112-122. https://doi.org/10.64924/yqe64v56