Curriculum Transformation and Pedagogical Approaches: A Comparative Study of Education Systems in Indonesia and the Netherlands

Abstract

The education system is the main foundation in building quality human resources. This study aims to compare the transformation of the curriculum and pedagogical approaches in the Indonesian and Dutch education systems, in order to identify factors that influence the effectiveness of education in both countries. The method used in this study is a literature study with a qualitative approach, which analyzes various academic sources and related education policies. The results of the study indicate that there are three main factors that differentiate the education systems in the two countries, namely the flexibility and autonomy of the curriculum, the pedagogical approach, and social and cultural factors in the implementation of education. In the Netherlands, the education system is more flexible with a high level of autonomy for schools, while in Indonesia there are still obstacles in the implementation of educational decentralization. In addition, the pedagogical approach in the Netherlands is more based on student-centered learning, while Indonesia is still dominated by the teacher-centered learning method. Social factors such as parental involvement and infrastructure readiness also have a major influence on the success of education. As a recommendation, a strategy is needed to increase teacher capacity, apply technology in learning, and increase the role of the community in education in Indonesia. Thus, it is hoped that the Indonesian education system can be more adaptive to global challenges and produce graduates who are competitive at the international level.